Perlite ore is a naturally occurring volcanic glass characterized by its lightweight, porous structure. Formed from the rapid cooling of volcanic lava, it expands when heated to about 850–900°C, resulting in a lightweight, expanded material. Perlite is primarily used in construction as an aggregate in lightweight concrete and plaster, providing excellent insulation and fire resistance. It also serves as a soil amendment in horticulture, improving aeration and moisture retention. Additionally, perlite's insulation properties make it valuable in industrial applications, including as a filler in paints and coatings. Its versatility and non-toxic nature contribute to its widespread use across various industries.